Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Economy, and Efficiency

This chapter defines the measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max ), economy, and efficiency. The initial level of fitness, intensity, frequency, and duration of training are factors which will influence the effects of endurance training on VO_2max. The age and sex of the individual are also relevant considerations. The chapter describes procedures for the direct determination of VO_2max. It also describes procedures for assessing the economy of movement. The chapter discusses the concept of 'efficiency' and the limitations of various measurements for assessing the efficiency of human movement. It also discusses the effects of load carriage on the economy, posture, and kinematics of walking. Load carriage is an activity that provides an appropriate focus for the study of economy, including the need to consider energy expenditure, posture, and kinematics. Load carriage is of interest from both an occupational and recreational perspective, where relatively heavy loads are carried for prolonged periods of time.