ABSTRACT
The human body, as well as that of other animals, is almost entirely covered by skin. As a result, it is exposed to a variety of chemicals such as ingredients in cosmetics, household products, topical medications, and environmental contaminants including heavy metals and industrial pollutants, especially in certain workplaces. Dermal exposure to chemicals might result in various types of lesions. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is also one of the common stimuli which directly induce skin damage, and chemicals exposed to skin can be photoactivated by UV irradiation leading to chemical-phototoxicity. Further, skin lesions may occur following 326systemic exposure to chemicals and subsequent distribution of chemicals via dermal microcirculation.
