ABSTRACT
Out of the shattered ruins of a labor movement, very gradually, a new Central Workers' Circle reemerged to coordinate these tiny dispersed circles, and to once again expand. The inspiration for the rebirth of the Central Workers' Circle lay in the hands of a few workers who had not been arrested. The new Central Workers' Circle was smaller than its parent organization. The Central Workers' Circle had two political leanings. Keizer inclined toward Populism, while Babushkin and Fisher inclined toward Marxism or Social Democracy. The Social Democrats favored mainly a continuation and an expansion of the educational and cultural activities. They believed that the Central Workers' Circle should organize among only the highly skilled workers' intelligentsia. Timidity characterized the revived Central Workers' Circle's activities. The arrests in 1892 which destroyed the original Central Workers' Circle also devastated the Central Students' Circle, both in St. Petersburg and its affiliated circles scattered in several major cities.
