ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with some of the most difficult cases where UN missions have been deployed: where there has been no peace to keep, and, for the cases of Chad and Darfur, little or no ability to influence the political situation on the ground. Although these cases could be considered outliers in UN peacekeeping, there are some important lessons that could be learned from them. That operations should only be deployed where there is a peace to keep has been a core tenet of peacekeeping, and was reaffirmed by the Brahimi doctrine in 2000 and the report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in 2015. The Darfur Peace Agreement was signed in 2006 but did not lead to sustainable peace. The crisis lingered on and a more substantial UN peace operation was called for with a more robust civilian protection mandate.
