ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses catering for individual difference in learning ability so that all children have opportunity to learn science. It looks briefly at the discussion of individual differences: inclusion, differentiation, special educational needs, learning difficulties and disabilities. The chapter focuses on types of difficulties that affect learning, giving most attention to specific difficulties in language and mathematics given their key role in learning science. Given the importance of spoken and written language to the development of children's understanding in science, difficulties with speech and language can have serious impact on children's learning. Communication problems with spoken and written language, difficulties with physical movement and use of writing and other equipment, problems with numbers, social interaction and difficulties in paying attention will all reduce learning opportunities. Working collaboratively in groups, or with a 'talk' partner, with physical materials to discuss, is important experience for non-native English speakers, developing their English language as well as their understanding in science.
