ABSTRACT
The second duty of the head of an organization is to draw subordinates as far as possible into partnership with himself in decisions affecting their welfare. The right relation between head and staff may be established through informal contacts, but regular staff discussion is desirable; much will depend on the head's personality. The classical methods for giving pupils an active part in the running of schools are the prefect and house systems developed in the public schools during the nineteenth century. The opening gambit needs careful preparation, since the teacher has to get the class not only interested but 'involved', particularly for informal work in small groups or for environmental studies. A further advantage of the system of small groups is that the teacher can get to know his pupils in more varied and less artificial settings, and because of the more fluid, less formal relations he has greater opportunities for helping them to work effectively with others.
