ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with developments in psychoanalytic theory since Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's days. Psychoanalytic theory, like all theories, keeps evolving. Psychoanalytic theory can be distinguished from psychotherapy, which uses psychoanalytic principles to help people with their psychological problems. Psychoanalytic theory, as elaborated by Freud and developed by countless other psychologists, focuses upon the unconscious, on relationship that exists between id, ego and superego elements in our psyches, dreams, Oedipus complex, and other ways in which our minds function and the way these phenomena are found in cultural works. Psychoanalytic theory allows us to obtain insights into all kinds of literature, from fairy tales to classic novels, and other art forms that we would not recognize if we did not have this tool at our disposal. In addition to great works of literature and art, psychoanalytic theory can be used to analyze modern texts, such as popular songs, television dramas, advertisements, television commercials, films, etc.
