Joint Management and Co-Management as Strategies for Indigenous Involvement in Protected-Areas Management

Given the unexpected commonality in the identification of barriers to incorporating Indigenous knowledge into mainstream natural resource management seen across the different case studies presented in the previous chapter, we should not be surprised that there has also been a degree of consensus in attempts to overcome these barriers. Over the past three decades management agencies, particularly those charged with the management of protected areas, have become increasingly interested in developing institutional arrangements that provide opportunities to promote a role for Indigenous involvement in natural resource management decision making.