ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the grounded theory tools of substantive and theoretical coding, constant comparison and memoing. Substantive coding enables younger scholars to prepare their data for conceptualization. Substantive coding involves two procedures: open coding and selective coding. Open coding involves breaking up younger scholar’s data into segments, then attaching labels to the segments, and collapsing the labelled segments or labelled codes into one or more conceptual categories. Constant comparison is central to the development of a grounded theory. Theoretical coding is the procedure during which younger scholars expand and assemble their conceptual categories into a theoretical structure. Theoretical coding involves theoretical sampling to assist younger scholars to expand their conceptual categories and the use of theoretical codes to both expand and assemble their conceptual categories into a logical trajectory. B. Glaser's theoretical codes are referred to as "coding families," and they are derived from the sociological literature.
