ABSTRACT
Effective HIV prevention requires an understanding of the basic epidemiology of HIV transmission, a point that seems obvious but is often forgotten or ignored. BED-assays, which test for the presence of HIV, are a more sensitive test than are standard HIV tests, which detect the presence of antibodies to HIV. Condoms have been seen as the vital weapon against AIDS, even more so than access to HIV testing and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) treatment. STI, especially of the ulcerative variety, have long been recognized as cofactors and facilitators of HIV transmission. This chapter discusses male circumcision and the several epidemiological facts that contribute to the unique dynamics of HIV transmission and lead to the amplifying effect of concurrent sexual partners. The South Africa based Ubuntu Institute conducted a four-country study which used in-depth interviews and focus groups with indigenous leaders to explore ways to address multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships (MCP).
