ABSTRACT
This chapter investigates how media exposure, especially Internet exposure, affects the two potentially contesting nationalisms. These perspectives include pride in socialist China, confidence in the future economic achievement of China, belief that China should become the top military superpower in the world, online petitions against a foreign country, and online celebrations on traditional national festivals or important national events in China. Pride and confidence derived from China's economic miracle have become a reliable and stable ground for nationalism. Belief in China's military capacity is also included to capture its contribution to nationalism. A principal component analysis (PCA) based on the polychoric correlation through a maximum likelihood procedure is conducted to construct the latent variables of official patriotism and popular nationalism. Multiple measures of Internet exposure, perceptions regarding the role of the Internet in the communication between the government and netizens, and exposure to traditional media are all captured in the regressions in the chapter.
