ABSTRACT
In 2007, the American Polygraph Association (APA) under the direction of President Donald Krapohl introduced a standard of practice that stipulated that within 5 years (by January 1, 2012), all polygraph techniques being taught at accredited schools and used by field examiners must meet certain levels of criterion accuracy. A meta-analysis study was performed to identify those formats that qualified.1 All techniques had to have at least two independent research studies showing its accuracy. Approved polygraph techniques had to have less than a 20% inconclusive rate. These techniques would then be classified into the following groups:
The need to detect deception is hardly a twentieth-century phenomenon. Ever since small familial groups of humans banded together for mutual social benefit, or for protection of person and property, individuals whose
practices deviated from the societal covenant have plagued humankind. The activities of these individuals, if not checked, could sometimes destroy the societal group as a whole.4
