ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with individual differences related to personality. It explains relationship between temperament and personality. The chapter examines the biological and environmental roots of individual differences in social development. It explains the notion of multiple intelligences including social aspects of behavior and the nature of the Big 5 personality factors or dimensions. Psychometric tests are used to measure personality (and intelligence). The concept of reactive heritability is a good example of how nature and nurture can interact to produce personality. In this case natural selection provides each individual with a reasonable range of possible outcomes on each of the Big 5, but these depend, to a degree, on how others react to us. To work out the effects of the shared environment on personality development, behavioural geneticists compare identical twins reared in the same household with those reared in different households.
