ABSTRACT
He believed in law and order. He had his own idea of law and his individual conception of order ; but they were sufficiently orthodox to fit into their Levantine setting. He had a sharp sword, a ready wit, a stout son, Ibrahim Pasha, and a doughty son-inlaw, the Defterdar. These helped him to carry out his policy of expansion and his theories of statecraft. This Muslim trinity created Modern Egypt. Muhammad Aly was its overshadowing genius. He delegated none of his authority. His rule was personal. His children were efficient instruments wielded by a master mind.
