ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the transformative potential of inter-subjective communication, enlarging upon Lacanian notions of the symbolic order, the L-Schema and the distinction between 'full' and empty 'speech'. If there is one common assumption that unites both the divergent traditions of psychoanalysis and the domain of psycho-therapeutic culture more generally, it is the idea that speaking - putting one's difficulties and emotions into words - exercises a curative effect. Personal narratives often exemplify the imaginary functioning of empty speech: much narrative form typically works to create wholeness, cohesion, to provide the continuity of a storyline, the closure of a narrative arc along with the basis of a viable imaginary identification. Frankfurt's philosophical analysis of the notion asserts that bullshit is neither simply careless, unplanned talk nor merely a case of lying. Although speech - and communicative behaviour more generally - holds out the potential of truth, it brings with it also the trappings of illusion.
