ABSTRACT
Injury to the brain can occur as a result of a blow or force physically exerted to the body from outside, as a result of an illness or internal imbalance, or as a result of deprivation of an element essential for efficient functioning. All injuries to the brain are termed acquired brain injuries, an umbrella term that includes traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Encephalitis is the result of infection that causes inflammation throughout the brain itself, not just the meninges. Tumours can develop in children and young people of any age. Any obstruction to the flow of fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord – the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) – can cause a build-up of this fluid within the ventricles of the brain, known as hydrocephalus. In terms of the results of trauma to the brain, there are many medical and rehabilitation models by which severity of injury and recovery are considered and assessed.
