ABSTRACT
The Inclusion Spectrum, initially developed by Joseph Winnick, Professor of Physical Education at Brockport College in the USA, in his book Adapted PE and Sport, and first published in 1982, was adapted for UK educators in 1997 by the Youth Sport Trust, Liverpool Community College and the British Paralympic Association. It consists of five approaches to the delivery of PE and sport, each seeking to engage both disabled and non-disabled pupils. They are: open activities, modified activities, parallel activities, separate activities, and gateway activities. Rather than take centre stage as the fount of all knowledge, the inclusive teacher is a guide or enabler. They make critical interventions, impart information and give useful feedback. Instead of barking out instructions from the front or centre, the inclusive PE teacher spends more time talking with individuals or small groups. This could be giving praise or encouragement, reinforcing learning goals, helping with misunderstandings or supporting pupils to overcome difficulties.
