ABSTRACT
In Italy, a primary school principal describes a situation in her home country, which has changed since the early 1980s from being traditionally a country of emigrants to become one of immigrants. David Ramirez measured program effectiveness by children's scores on tests in English language arts, reading and mathematics, all administered in English. The control is necessary to achieve and maintain equity for the nondominant language and culture against the power inherent in the status of the dominant language and culture in the wider society. Indigenous demands for public support for language and culture revitalization efforts are justified as a matter of the rights of peoples under UN Covenants. Indigenous demands are also justified in the interest of the healthy development of individuals and society. Typically, the goals of such schools are students who develop high levels of proficiency in both first and second languages; perform well in academic areas in both languages; and demonstrate positive cross-cultural attitudes and behaviors.
