ABSTRACT
National legislation of European countries addressing work-related bullying, harassment, and discrimination consists of the implementation of EU directives and the creation of country-specific laws, regulations, and codes of practice. Numerous European countries have introduced new legislation or incorporated new provisions into existing legislation. Codes of practice may be relevant as evidence and when the legislation upon which they are based does not explicitly define harassment or provide explicitly that it is regulated by law. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, EU-OSHA, holds the position that Directive 89/391/EEC on safety and health of workers at work lays down the employer's general obligations to ensure workers' health and safety in every aspect related to work, and that this also includes psychosocial risks. It states that psychosocial risks can be assessed and managed in the same systematic way as traditional workplace risks. Nordic countries, including Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, have both legislation and guidance for managing workplace bullying.
