ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the foundation of this book, aspects of santri (traditional devout Muslims) Islam in Madura. The santri culture in Madura is represented by three main elements: Islamic education institutions, represented by the pesantren (Islamic boarding schools); Islamic groupings, represented by the Nahdlatul Ulama; and Islamic leaders, symbolized by the kiai (religious leaders). In Madura, many traditions and customs are linked with religion, and thus, Islam in Madura is culturally embedded in all aspects of life. This chapter is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand about one of the last strongholds of traditional Islam.
