ABSTRACT
The approaches to community engagement around stream restoration projects have evolved over time. The first approach was information dissemination—one-way communication that sought to inform. A later stage has acknowledged more involvement, and a final stage has included decision-making and continuing two-way interaction. Participation is essential, as seen in the South Bronx and Onondaga Creek, Syracuse, NY. Still more advanced approaches acknowledge the differential types of collaboration: Some involve deciding together (shared decision-making). Others involve shared exploration for and discovery of facts and information, and these co-creation models are especially promising for environmental justice (EJ) goals. Another point that is especially important is mapping/GIS; because of the quintessentially spatial nature of revitalization projects, having a graphic representation of connectivity is more productive. Several ways exist to accomplish this, including low tech, with big maps and stickers, or digitally supported/GIS/web-based. Finally, the use of smartphones and social media are the most dynamic strategies. These approaches are covered within this chapter.
