On Late Qing Economic Laws and Regulations [ca. 1901–1911]*

Editor’s Note: This lengthy article is based on a rich array of primary materials, including memorials to the throne, imperial edicts, and laws and reports printed in Dongfang zazhi (Eastern Miscellany), the thick Shanghai monthly inaugurated in March 1904 and published by the Commercial Press (Shangwu Yinshu Guan).