ABSTRACT

Given the value character of capitalist production, the increase of the productivity of labor and the expansion of capital are different expressions for the capitalization of surplus value. This process changes the organic composition of the total social capital. Historically, Marx related,

it can be assumed that under the crude, pre-capitalist mode of production, agriculture is more productive than industry, because nature assists here as a machine and an organism, whereas in industry the powers of nature are still almost entirely replaced by human actions (as in the craft type of industry, etc.). In the period of stormy growth of capitalist production, productivity in industry develops rapidly as compared with agriculture, although its development presupposes that a significant change as between constant and variable capital has already taken place in agriculture, that is, a large number of people have been driven off the land. Labor productivity advances in both, although at an uneven pace. But when industry reaches a certain level the disproportion must diminish, in other words, productivity in agriculture must increase relatively more rapidly than in industry. 1

With capitalist production being the dominant mode of production, it determines the increase of productivity in all spheres of production and allocates social labor accordingly.