ABSTRACT
Among Vladimir Lenin's professed goals in 1917 were the destruction of bureaucracy, the performance of official duties at workmen's wages, and the elimination of "official grandeur". Since that time the Soviet regime has become what may be fairly described as the bureaucratic state par excellence of modern times. It is clear that the large size of the Soviet bureaucracy is due to the fact that many functions are performed by the Soviet government, either directly or indirectly, which in the United States are left to private enterprise. Status differences within the bureaucracy are also indicated by means of salary differentials, although there are very little data on this point. In a defensive reaction against these competitive pressures, protective nuclei and alliances tend to grow up within the bureaucracy. In Tsarist Russia the traditions of promptness, accuracy, honesty, obedience, and rationality were not as highly developed in ruling circles as they were, for example, in the Prussian bureaucracy.
