ABSTRACT
Not all Westerners advocated imperialism, just as not all colonized peoples rejected it. There were a considerable number of people in both the metropoles and the colonies who argued that imperialism was wrong. This part presents a broad spectrum of condemnations of imperialism from the 1860s to the 1970s. Opponents of imperialism used a variety of media, including art, fiction, essays, poetry, newspapers, and books, to convey their message to readers in the colonies and in the West as well. The critiques of imperialism presented here range from criticisms of the methods and motivation of imperialists, on the one hand, to criticisms of the willingness of colonial subjects to adopt Western standards by which to measure themselves, on the other.
