ABSTRACT
Imperialism had a transformative effect on urban as well as rural landscapes. In this pair of maps we see examples of two distinct but common patterns of urbanization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Singapore was a planned city designed and built by Sir Stamford Raffles after 1819. It was constructed on the site of a small fishing village that happened to be located on a good natural harbor. The new city was divided into three sections to house people of different ethnicities (Chinese, European, and South Asian), many of whom were encouraged by the British to migrate to Singapore. Cairo, on the other hand, had been a thriving metropolis for many centuries prior to the nineteenth century. Although Cairo was at various times under the control of the Ottoman, French, and British empires, the expansion and modernization of the city took place under the leadership of Khedive Ismail in the 1860s and 1870s. Ismail sought
