ABSTRACT
The modern European financial system had an increasingly greater impact on the Ottomans as they became integrated into the world economy in the nineteenth century. With the expenses generated by the modernization processes of the Tanzimat era, the Ottoman economy was becoming gradually more cash-based and integrated into global financial networks. For good and bad, economic and social changes begun during the Ottoman Tanzimat period had such sweeping effects that they continued to shape Middle Eastern societies long after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Tanzimat reforms also happened in the context of major developments reshaping the mid-nineteenth century world, such as the spread of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid expansion of communications and transportation systems. Holding a series of important official positions beginning in the 1840s and continuing through the 1890s, Jevdet played important roles in a wide range of Tanzimat-era modernization projects.
