ABSTRACT
While the overall evidence is mixed, a good deal of current research finds that players’ opportunities today are free from discrimination.4 For example, The Racial and Gender Report Card, which is published annually by The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport at the University of Central Florida, gives the NFL, NBA, MLS (Major League Soccer), WNBA, and MLB straight A + ’s for their performance in racial equity among players for 2011 (the report did not include the NHL).5 The reports generally graded the leagues lower in areas such as coaching and management opportunities.
