ABSTRACT
Science and technology are important economic drivers in society. It is partly for that reason that there has been an emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education in many countries. In fact, it is science and math that stand as the foundation for all technological innovation. Technology is applied science and math, and it covers all areas of engineering (i.e., agricultural, aerospace, biological, biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, environmental, materials, mechanical, and nuclear). Technology is essential to everyday life, and is reflected in both the construction and deconstruction of various infrastructures, including roads, bridges, shelter, electricity, and water supply. Some technologies, while not life determining in every location, are very much appreciated for well being (including smart phones, airplane travel, and Internet). As the author of Science in World History puts it, “Science is the method that allows us to understand the universe around us, and technology is the ability to use that understanding to transform the environment to our advantage” (Trefil, 2012). This environmental transformation, be it the natural or engi-
neered environment, is at the crux of sustainable science and technology.
