ABSTRACT
Langacker(l969a)showsthatanumberoftransformationsare exceptionstoChomsky'scondition(IndefiniteIncorporation,Negative Incorporation,Pronominalization,etc.),Butalltheexceptionshe mentionscanbeviewed-as"MirrorImageRules",i.e.rulesthatcollapsetwotransformationsinChomsky'ssense,whicharemirrorimages ofeachotht!r.1InthecaseofQP,themirrorimageconventioncannot beused,becauseifastructureindexcontains(Prep)QNPitsmirror imagewillcontainNPQ(Prep),andnot(Prep)QNPasdesired,2
Evidently,thisfactisoftheoreticalinterestonlyinsofar asourformulationQPiscorrect.Therefore,itmustbejustifiedin detail,particularlyinthelightofanalternativeapproachdeveloped byKayne(1969),whichisfullyconsistentwithChomsky'scondition. InKayne'sanalysis,different~rulesareresponsibleforthemovement ofchacunin(2)andin(5),Oneofthem,"R-tous"moveschacunto therightoutofafullnounphrasesubject(asin(2)),The.other, "L-tous",moveschacuntotheleft,ifitisnolongerattachedtoa nounphrase.Kaynegivesargumentswhichlookverystronginfavor ofthissolution.Iwillattempttosummarizethemasaccuratelyas possible:
1.Arulelike"L-tous"isneededinanyevent,b.ecause detachedquantifierscanbemovedtotheleftoutoftheircla~se:
(6)J'aivoulu(~voir~.) ~(7)J'aivoulu~~voir. 1.FootnotestoChapterVarconpages208-209,
pronoun (which ends up as a clitic or as a relative pronoun): ( 9) *J 1 ai chacun 1nang~ les g~teaux. (10) Je les ai chacun mang~s. (11) Les gateaux que j'ai chacun mang~s. (12) J'ai mang6 chacun d'eux. (13) *J'ai chacun mang~ ~·
tous and cbacun:
But~ does not move from subject-position: (18) Tout est fini. ("Everything is finished.") (19) *11 est tout fini. -· L-tous is applicable if the detached noun phrase is a
(21) ~Il faut tous que ces garsons partent. Kayne sho1.zs that clitics are attached to verbs so that clitic + V is
(23) 11 faut que ces garsons partent tous, But the analysis also has its weak points; Kayne himself
the A-over-A principle, With quantifiers other than chacun and tous
r (24) l(25) {<26) l(27) f<2a) l(29) f<3o) r3l)
J'aime chacun d'eux.
