ABSTRACT
The Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore is responsible for spatial land use planning and development control, with the primary both including the production of spatial plans and policies, and assessment of applications for planning consent. Most planning systems consider cities from a bird’s eye or street level perspective, rather than a holistic and three-dimensional arrangement of interrelated parts. The Japanese land use planning system operates at four levels: National; Regional; Prefectural; and Municipal. The primary mechanism of land use planning in New York is zoning, and the first city was the first in the country to implement a zoning resolution in 1916. Planning transit oriented development nodes around the new stations is hoped to attract investment for science and research clusters, clean industry, office space, and new homes. Planning for the urban growth of Singapore began in 1822 with the Plan of the Town of Singapore, which adopted a grid formation that divided residents of the colony by ethnicity.
