ABSTRACT
Given the negative perceptions surrounding underground space, the selection of lighting is one of the most important factors in creating a comfortable underground place. Urban Planners, Engineers, Designers and Architects all have an important role to play in setting standards for the quality of environments that are created through underground development. Sustainable development extends beyond strategic land use planning, and into the detailed design, construction and operation of underground places. The London Underground map designed by Harry Beck in 1933 is iconic and has been reproduced in various cities around the world. Underground spaces are often well insulated against noise owing to the dense surrounding earth, however, they can face challenges associated with acoustic reverberation, making them uncomfortable for users. Mechanical heating and cooling requirements are generally less in underground spaces than buildings above ground level, as the embodied energy of the surrounding earth helps maintain an even temperature.
