ABSTRACT
To lay a solid foundation for the development of the test specifi cations of the CLCT-4 and -6, a series of research has been carried out, including:
• the construction of a theoretical framework for communicative listening assessment, which is presented in Chapter 4 ,
• the analysis of Chinese college students’ listening needs, which is reported in Chapter 5 , and
• the analysis of listening tasks in infl uential listening course books and tests, which is described in Chapter 6 .
