ABSTRACT
Policies are the product of cultural values, history, and politics, and where cultural values, histories, and political habits, institutions, principles, priorities, and challenges differ, policies are likely to differ as well. The formalization and standardization of the concept of cultural policy took place during the Cold War and, in many ways, Soviet cultural policy against which the Western nations worked to define their own cultural policies. Cultural activities in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) are controlled by governmental and non-governmental organizations. Cultural promotion has become an integral feature of State planning, which makes it possible for all problems of cultural policy to be settled in their over-all context. In France, culture and the State are tightly bound. Cultural policy in the United Kingdom is seen as being exemplified by the Arts Council. As the scope and influence of the culture Ministry has expanded, clear understandings about the role of the Arts Council of England have been disrupted.
