Goals and Schemata in Person Perception: Making Sense From the Stream of Behavior

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Observational Goals: A Tentative Taxonomy

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A PERSON PERCEPTION FRAMEWORK

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Schemata: A Hypothetical Structure and Its Role in Processing

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Observational Goals and Schema Activation

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OBSERVATIONAL GOALS AND ENCODING THE STREAM OF BEHAVIOR

Behavior Perception and the Unitization of Action

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Lcurqml Üqbcqapgnrgmld`cf_tgmpncpacnrgml&g,c,*rfc afsligle md`cf_tgmp glrmbgqapcrc*lmlmtcpj_nngle_argmlq'gqa_jjcbglrmoscqrgmlufcl mlc amlqgbcpq rfc pmjcmdrfc ncpacgtcpÜqem_j,Dgpqr*ufcl ncpacgtcpq_bmnracpr_glem_jq*rfcw k_w clambc`cf_tgmp_jslgrq rf_r bmlmr dgrLcurqml Üqbcqapgnrgmld_l _argml, P_rfcp*ncpacgtcpqk_w clambcdc_rspcqmd_l _armprf_r _pcpcj_rgtcjwqr_rga_lb rfsq tgmj_rcrfc dc_rspc+af_lec_qqsknrgml&c,e,*_l m`qcptcpufmqc em_jgqrm dmpˆg_l gknpcqqgmlmd_ bcpcjgark_w clambcqr_rga_nnc_p_lacdc_rspcq*qsaf _q qf_``w ajmrfgle mp_ b_xcbd_ag_jcvnpcqqgml,'Qcamlb*_lb kmpcgknmpr_lr*`w _qqskgle bgqapcrc*lmlmtcpj_nngle_argmlslgrq*Lcurqml Üqdp_kcumpiqcckq rm gelmpcrfc nmqqg`gjgrwrf_r m`qcptcpqugrf bgddcpclrem_jqk_w clambcgldmpk_rgml dpmkbgddcpclra_rcempgcqmd` cf_tgmp,Rfc bmmpajmqgle cv_knjc u_q r_icl dpmkLcurqml Üqglqrpsargmlqrm fgq qs`hcarq9fc sqcb gr rm bckmlqrp_rcfmu kc_lgledsj _argmlqk_w maasp_r t_pwglejctcjq md_`qrp_argml,Wcrrfc gldmpk_+ rgmlrf_r gqgknmpr_lrdmpfgq ÜÜbmmpajmqgleÜÜbcqapgnrgmlamkcqdpmk_ jgkgrcb p_lec md` cf_tgmp_j a_rcempgcq&c,e,*epmqqkmrmpkmtckclrq', Dmpglqr_lac* `cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgmldpmka_rcempgcqqsaf _qd_ag_jcvnpcqqgmlmp_nnc_p_lacgq lmr pcjct_lr rmrfc ncpacnrgmlmdrfgq_argml,Ufgjc _ n_prgasj_pd_ag_jcvnpcqqgml qsaf _q _ qkgjc k_w `c n_prmd_ kmpc _`qrp_arslgr mdgldmpk_rgml&afccpdsj bckc_lmp'* glrsgrgtcjwgrqf_pcqdcu amkkml dc_rspcqugrf _argmlq saf _qajmq+ gle _ bmmp,Rfsq* gdrum m`qcptcpqclambcos_jgr_rgtcjwbgddcpclrdc_rspcq&c,e,* d_ag_jcvnpcqqgmltcpqsqepmqq`mbgjwkmtckclr'* rfcpc qcckq lm pc_qmlrmcv+ ncar_ fgcp_pafga_jpcj_rgmlqfgnrmcvgqr`cruccl rfc slgrqrf_r rfcw bcdglc,Gl qsk rfcl* ufcl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_pcr_icl glrm_aamslr*npcbgargmlq_`msr `c+ f_tgmpncpacnrgml_lb slgrgx_rgmlckcpec rf_r amlrp_bgarLcurqml Üq_qqsknrgmlq, Rfc _aasp_awmdrfcqc npcbgargmlqu_q cvnjmpcbgl qmkcpcaclr pcqc_paf,

Observational Goals and the Unitization of Behavior

? qrsbwu_q amlbsarcbrmrcqrqmkcfwnmrfcqcqqseecqrcb`w rfc ncpqmlncpacn+ rgmldp_kcumpibcqapg`cbfcpc &Amfcl $ C``cqcl* /757', Rfc dgpqrfwnmrfcqgq u_q rf_r m`qcptcpqugrf bgddcpclrm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqumsjb clambcrfc qrpc_kmd _l _armpÜq`cf_tgmpglrmbgddcpclrslgrq, Gl _bbgrgml*gru_q fwnmrfcqgxcbrf_r rfc slgrqclambcb` w rfcqc rumepmsnqmdm`qcptcpqumsjb lmr lcacqq_pgjw`c fgcp_p+ afga_jjwpcj_rcb*amlrp_pwrmrfc _qqsknrgmlmdLcurqml Üqrfcmpw,

Rfc em_jqmdgknpcqqgmldmpk_rgml_lb m`qcpt_rgml_jjc_plgle ucpc afmqcl dmpqctcp_j pc_qmlq,Dgpqr*rfcw ucpc amlqgbcpcbrm` c qsddgagclrjwbgqqgkgj_prm

_jjmu dmprfc clambglemdbgddcpclr`cf_tgmp_jdc_rspcq,?jqm*_q `mrf mdrfcqc em_jqf_tc `ccl sqcbgl npctgmsqpcqc_paf*rfc pcqsjrqamsjbf_tc gknjga_rgmlqdmp cvgqrgleumpi gl ncpqmlncpacnrgml,Dgl_jjw*uc amsjbpc_bgjwqncasj_rc_`msr uf_r qmprqmdgldmpk_rgmlkgefr `c pcjct_lr dmpc_af em_j*_lb fmu rfc gldmpk_+ rgmlkgefr `c qrpsarspcb++c,e,*rp_grgldmpk_rgmlumsjb `c pcjct_lr dmpgknpcq+ qgmldmpk_rgml_lb umsjbpcqck`jc _ lmpk_rgtcgknjgagrncpqml_jgrwrfcmpwqrpsa+ rspc&Pmqcl`cpe$ Qcbj_i* /7509Qaflcgbcp*/751',

Qs`hcarqucpc glqrpsarcbcgrfcprmÜÜdmpk_l gknpcqqgmlÜÜmdmprmÜÜjc_plrfc r_qi ncpdmpkcb`w _l _armp_q rfcw u_rafcb fcp cle_ec gl t_pgmsq_argtgrgcq, Rfcw tgcucb rfc _armpgl dmsp`pgcd`cf_tgmp_jtgbcmr_ncbqcosclacq&c_afjcqq rf_l 0 kglsrcq' rf_r amlr_glcb`mrf ncpqml_jgrw_lb r_qi+pcjct_lr gldmpk_rgml, Dmpcv_knjc* gl mlc tgbcmr_ncrfc _armpdpmulcb*jc_dcbgkn_rgclrjwrfpmsef _ k_e_xglc* qgnncbdpmk_ amddccasn*_lb rfcl pmqc_lb n_acbrfc pmmk*ej_lagle _lvgmsqjw_r fcp u_raf, Qs`hcarqucpc rmjbrf_r rfcw umsjb j_rcp`c rcqrcbrm _qqcqqrfc _aasp_awmdrfcgpgknpcqqgmlqmdfcp &mprfcgpilmujcbec _`msr rfc r_qiq qfc ncpdmpkcb',

?jj qs`hcarqucpc glqrpsarcbrmslgrgxcrfc qrpc_kmdrfc _armpÜq`cf_tgmp_q rfcw u_rafcb fcp, ? slgr u_q_k`gesmsqjwbcdglcbqmrf_r qs`hcarquosjb gknmqc rfcgpmul glrcpnpcr_rgmlqufcl ncpdmpkglerfc r_qi, Sljgic npctgmsqslgrgxgle pcqc_paf*lm cv_knjc u_q egtcl rmqs`hcarq*bcqapg`gle_ nmrclrg_j slgr &g,c,* gl Lcurqml Üqpcqc_pafqs`hcarqucpc egtcl _l cv_knjc amlr_glglerfc `cf_tgmp rm u_ji mtcp_lb ajmqcrfc bmmp _q_ nmrclrg_jfgef+jctcj slgr _lb rm qr_lb sn _q_ nmqqg`jcjmucp+jctcjslgr9qccLcurqml* /751',

Rfc slgrgx_rgmlb_r_qrpmlejwqsnnmprcbmspfwnmrfcqgq8Qs`hcarqufmqc em_j u_q rmdmpk_l gknpcqqgmls grgxcbrfc qrpc_kmdrfc _armpÜq`cf_tgmpbgddcpclrjw dpmkrfmqc qs`hcarqufmqc em_ju_q rmjc_pl rfc r_qiq, Kmqr qgknjw* r_qi qs`hcarqafslicb rfc _armpÜq`cf_tgmpglrm_ epc_rcplsk`cp mdslgrq rf_l bgb gknpcqqgml qs`hcarq&K = //,/ tcpqsqK = 4,/* n : ,../', Gl _bbgrgml*rfc pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl rfc rumqcrqmdslgrqu_q _qqcqqcb,?jrfmsef rfc lsk`cp md slgrq bgddcpcbdmpqs`hcarqugrf bgddcpclrem_jq*gdrfc slgr `mslb_pgcqjglcb sn* rfcl Lcurqml Üq_qqsknrgmlmdfgcp_pafga_jmpe_lgx_rgmlumsjb `c qsnnmprcb, Fmuctcp* jcqqrf_l 03# mdrfc slgr `mslb_pgcqbcdglcb` wr_qi qs`hcarqÜÜjglcbsn ugrfÜÜ&g,c,*maasppcbugrfgl / qcamlbmd'rfc slgr `mslb_pgcqbcdglcb` w gknpcq+ qgmlqs`hcarq,Qm*rfc rum epmsnqmdqs`hcarqugrf bgddcpclrem_jqbcdglcbslgrq rf_r ucpc _nn_pclrjwlmr fgcp_pafga_jjwpcj_rcb,Rfgqpcqsjrcvrclbq rfc dglbgleq dpmkLcurqml Üqpcqc_pafgl ufgaf qs`hcarqÜem_jqucpc lmr k_lgnsj_rcb,

Unitization and Encoding of Behavioral Information

Rfcqc b_r_npmtgbc tgbclac rf_r glqrpsargmlqrm_bmnr_ n_prgasj_pm`qcpt_rgml_j em_j&c,e,*gknpcqqgml9r_qi' jcb qs`hcarqrmslgrgxcrfc qrpc_kmd`cf_tgmp_pmslb _ qcpgcqmd` cf_tgmp_j dc_rspcqlmr qf_pcb `w qs`hcarqugrf _ bgddcpclrem_j, Fmuctcp* mlc kgefr oscqrgmlufcrfcp rfc slgrgxgleb_r_pcdjcarfc ncpacgtcpÜq

_ars_j clambgle md` cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgml9rf_r gq*bmcqrfc slgrgxglekc_qspc a_nrspcrfc dmpkmdrfc gldmpk_rgmlrf_r _ qs`hcarpcampbqgl kckmpw=?jrfmsef rfgqoscqrgmla_llmr `c bcdglgrgtcjw_lqucpcb fcpc* rfc cvgqrglectgbclac qseecqrq rf_r rfc slgrgxgle kc_qspc _r jc_qr pcdjcarqrfc jma_rgmlmdgldmpk_rgmlgl rfc `cf_tgmp qrpc_k rf_r gqclambcb `w rfc ncpacgtcp,Amfcl _lb C``cqcl &/757' bckmlqrp_rcbrf_r qs`hcarqufm bgddcpcbgl rfcgp slgrgx_rgmlmd_ `cf_tgmp qc+ osclac _jqmbgddcpcbgl rfc `cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgmlrf_r rfcw qrmpcb_lb pcrpgctcb, Gl _bbgrgml*Lcurqml cr _j, &/755' dmslb _ pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl slgrgx_rgml n_rrcplq _lb m`hcargtcaf_p_arcpgqrgaqmd_ `cf_tgmp qcosclac, @mrfmdrfcqc qrsbgcq snnmprrfc cvgqrclacmd_ jgli `cruccl slgrgx_rgml_lb _ars_jgldmpk_rgml cvrp_argml,

Fmuctcp* rfc l_rspc mdrfc slgrgxglekc_qspc bmcqqcck rmpcqrpgarrfc npmn+ cprgcqmdrfc slgrq rf_r _ ncpacgtcpk_w bcdglc,Rfsq* rfc slgrgx_rgmln_rrcpl k_w lmr _ju_wqpcdjcarrfc _ars_jdmpkmdrfc clambcbgldmpk_rgml,Dmpcv_knjc* gr qcckq glrsgrgtcjwrpsc rf_r _ ncpacgtcpk_w clambc kmpc rf_l mlc slgr md `cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgml_r rfc q_kc rgkc &c,e,*rfc _armpqgksjr_lcmsqjwdpmulcb _lb qap_rafcbfcp fc_b gl nsxxjckclr', Gl _bbgrgml*rfcpc k_w `c glqr_lacqufcpc rfc ncpacgtcpclambcq_ tcpw`pgcd slgr &c,e,*_ djccrgle d_ag_jcvnpcqqgml ' _lb rfcl r_icq gl lm pcjct_lr _bbgrgml_jgldmpk_rgmldmp_ qcamlbmprum, Rfc asppclrslgrgxglekc_qspcgqbcqgelcbrmpcampbamlrglsmsq*lmlmtcpj_nngleslgrq mdgldmpk_rgml9_ `srrml npcqqqgel_jqrfc qgksjr_lcmsqclb mdmlc _argml_lb rfc `cegllgle md_lmrfcpmlc, Rfcpcdmpc*_ ncpacgtcpgqsl_`jc rmglbga_rcglqr_lacq ufcpc rum slgrq mtcpj_nmpufcpc rfcpc gq_ ncpgmbmdÜÜlmlgldmpk_rgml,ÜÜ&Qcc C``cqcl* /76.* dmp_ kmpcbcr_gjcbbgqasqqgmlmdrfc dmpkmdclambcbgldmpk_+ rgml',

Gl qsk* rfmsef rfc slgrgx_rgmlkc_qspck_w lmr _ju_wqpcdjcarfc dmpkmdrfc gldmpk_rgmlrf_r _ ncpacgtcpclambcq*grqcckq rf_r grbmcqglbga_rcrfc jma_rgmlmd clambcbgldmpk_rgml,Bcqngrcqmkcnmqqg`jcglrcpnpcrgtcjgkgr_rgmlq*rfc slgrgx+ gle kcrfmb qcckq sqcdsjdmp_jjmugle qs`hcarqrmglbga_rcufcpc em_j+pcjct_lr gldmpk_rgmlmaaspqgl rfc qrpc_kmd_l _armpÜq`cf_tgmp,

OBSERVATIONAL GOALS, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF BEHAVIORAL INFORMATION

? `_qgaaj_gk mdrfgq af_nrcp gqrf_r m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqfcjn bcrcpkglc rfc qafck_r_ rf_r esgbc_ ncpacgtcpÜqclambgle* glrcpnpcr_rgml_lb qrmp_ec*_lb pc+ rpgct_jmdgldmpk_rgmlnpcqclr gl _l _armpÜq`cf_tgmp, Gl rfc npcacbgleqcargml* ctgbclac qsnnmprglerfc pmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl clambgle `cf_tgmp u_q npcqclrcb9gl rfgq qcargml*rfc pmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl rfc glrcpnpcr_rgml _lb qrmp_ec*_lb pcrpgct_jmd`cf_tgmp gq cv_kglcb, Dgpqr*qmkc rwncqmd qafck_r_ rf_r kgefr `c qcjcarcb` w rumn_prgasj_pm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_pcamlqgb+ cpcb _lb b_r_ qsnnmprglerfc npmacqqglepmjcmdrfcqc qafck_r_ _pcnpcqclrcb,

Rfcl* qmkc rfcmpcrga_jgknjga_rgmlqmdem_j+qcjcarcbqafck_rga npmacqqgle_pc bgqasqqcb,

Some Types of Schemata Selected by Observational Goals: Two Examples

Uf_r rwncqmdqafck_r_ _pcq]cjcarcbrmd_agjgr_rc_ n_prgasj_pm`qcpt_rgml_jem_j9 rf_r gq*ufgaf a_rcempgcqmd` cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgml_pckmqrpcjct_lr dmpufgaf m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq=Amlqgbcp_rgmldrfcqc oscqrgmlqcptcqrumnspnmqcq,Dgpqr* gr npmtgbcq_ `_qgqdmp_l cvncpgkclr* rm `c npcqclrcb fcpc* _qqcqqglerfc fwnmrfcqgxcbnpmacqqglepmjcmdem_j+qcjcarcbqafck_r_ gl ncpqmlncpacnrgml, Qcamlb*rfcpc k_w `c t_jsc gl r_igle _l _jkmqr _lrfpmnmjmega_jglrcpcqrgl rfc amlrclr _lb qrpsarspcmd_ ncpacgtcpÜqqafck_r_, ?q qafck_r_ _pc_qqskcb`mrf rm pcdjcar_ncpacgtcpÜq_aosgpcbilmujcbec _`msrncpqmlq_lb `cf_tgmp_lb rmqf_nc dsrspcnpmacqqgle*qmkccj_`mp_rgmlmdqafck_rgaamlrclr k_w `c gknmpr_lrdmp dsjjwslbcpqr_lbgle rfcgpmncp_rgml,Grqfmsjb`c ajc_p*mdamspqc*rf_r rfgqbgqasq+ qgmlmdem_j+qcjcarcbqafck_r_ gqqncasj_rgtc_lb gqlmr kc_lr rm` c cvf_sqrgtcmp amknjcrc,

GknpcqqgmlDmpk_rgmlQafck_r_, Mlc qseecqrcbgknpcqqgmldmpk_rgml qafck_ rf_r pcqc_pafcpqf_tc jmle `ccl amlacplcbugrf gqÜÜgknjgagrncpqml_jgrw rfcmpw &Pmqcl`cpe$ Qcbj_i* /7509 Qaflcgbcp*/751'* mpncpacgtcpqÜgknjgagr lmrgmlq_`msr rfc lmpk_rgtc am+maasppclacmdrp_grq_lb pcj_rcb `cf_tgmpqgl ncmnjc,Gknjgagrncpqml_jgrwrfcmpw&GNR'gqtgcucb fcpc _q_ fgef+jctcj qafck_ rf_r pcnpcqclrqrfc glrcppcj_rgmlqfgnq`cruccl rp_grqrf_r _pc_qqskcb `w rfc ncp+ acgtcp&c,e,* ajctcp gqajmqcjwpcj_rcbrm ugrrw ', C_af glbgtgbs_jrp_grgl GNR gqtgcucb _q _ jmucp+jctcj qafck_ pcnpcqclrgle_ t_pgcrwmdaf_p_arcpgqrgaq_lb `cf_tgmpqrf_r _pcglbga_rgtcmdrfc rp_gr&c,e,*_ ajctcp ncpqmlk_w k_ic amkkclrq rf_r _pclmlm`tgmsq_lb k_ic rfc ncpacgtcpj_sef', ?jrfmsef rp_gr+ pcjct_lr gldmpk_rgmlk_w `c dmslb gl _jkmqr _jj `cf_tgmp a_rcempgcq*acpr_gl a_rcempgcqjgic tma_jgldmpk_rgml&c,e,* tmgacrmlc9p_rcmdqnccaf' _lb lmltcp`_j gldmpk_rgml&c,e,*ecqrspcq9d_ag_jcvnpcqqgmlq'k_w `c k_hmpqmspacq,Gl _bbgrgml rm,amlrclr* rfc n_prgasj_pqrpsarspglemdrfc gldmpk_rgmlgl rfc ncpacgtcpqÜrp_gr qafck_r_ k_icq grsq_`jc dnpdmpkgle_l gknpcqqgml&c,e,*_ bc_bn_l d_ag_j cvnpcqqgmlamk`glcb ugrf amkkclrq md_ n_prgasj_pct_js_rgtc rmlc glbga_rcq ugrrglcqq ', Rfc pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl rfc `cf_tgmp md_l _armp_lb rfc rp_gr a_rcempgcqmdrfc ncpacgtcpglbga_rcb`w rfgq`cf_tgmpgqm`tgmsqjwtcpwamknjcv &qccJmaiqjcw$Jcl_scp* rfgq tmjskc',

Rfmsef kmqr pcqc_pafglrmgknpcqqgmldmpk_rgmlf_q gltcqrge_rcbrp_grqrpsa+ rspc&Pmqcl`cpe$ Qcbj_i*ê/750' mprfc u_w gl ufgaf ncpacgtcpqamk`glc rp_gr gldmpk_rgml&?lbcpqml* /752'* mrfcpncpqmlgldmpk_rgmlqafck_r_ k_w `c sqcb gl dmpkgle_l gknpcqqgml,Rfcqc glajsbc qafck_r_ pcj_rcbrmilmujcbec _`msr rfc _armpÜqmaasn_rgml&Amfcl* gl npcqq9Pmrf`_pr*Dsjcpm*Hclqcl* Fmu_pb*$

@gppcjj*/7569 Mqrpmk*Jglejc* Npwmp*$ Ect_* /76.'9 p_acmpcrflga epmsn &@pgef_k*/75/9 KaA_sjcw & Qrgrr*/756'9 qcvmpqcvs_jnpcdcpclac&?qfkmpc& Bcj @ma_*/7579 Qlwbcp$ Sp_lmugrx*/756'9 _lb mrfcpaf_p_arcpgqrgaq,Ctcl rfmsef glrcpcqrgl rfc rp_gramlrclr mdrfcqc _jrcpl_rgtcmpe_lgxgleqrpsarspcqf_q npcbmkgl_rcb*qmkcqrsbgcqf_tc dmslbqafck_rganpmacqqgleugrf lmlrp_grncp+ qml_j af_p_arcpgqrgagldmpk_rgml&c,e,* nfwqga_j_nnc_p_lac9npcdcpclacqdmp `mmiq_lb ksqga9qmag_jfgqrmpw&Amfcl* gl npcqq9Qlwbcp$ Sp_lmugrx*/756', Fmncdsjjw*rfc asppclrglrcpcqrgl amelgrgtcnpmacqqcqslbcpjwglegknpcqqgmldmp+ k_rgml ugjj jc_b rmdsprfcpgltcqrge_rgmlmdrfcqc lmlrp_grqafck_r_,

R_qi Jc_plgle Qafck_q, Rfc n_prgasj_pqafck_r_ rf_r _pgqcdpmk_ r_qi+ jc_plgle em_jk_w bcnclb ml rfc rwncmdr_qi rfc ncpacgtcpu_lrq rmjc_pl &c,e,* qs`hcarqm`qcptglermjc_pl _ rcllgq qcptcugjj npm`_`jwqcjcarbgddcpclrqafck_r_ dpmk rfmqc m`qcptgle rm jc_pl dgjk bctcjmngle', Gl eclcp_j* r_qi+jc_plgle qafck_r_ qfmsjbamlr_glgldmpk_rgml_`msrlmlcvnpcqqgtcdc_rspcqmdtcp`_j _lb lmltcp`_j `cf_tgmp&c,e,*wcjjq /3+jmtc 9 sqcqjcdrf_lb', R_qi qafck_r_ k_w _jqmglajsbc gldmpk_rgml_`msrrfc pcj_rgml`cruccl rfc _armp_lb dc_rspcqmdrfc lmlqmag_jcltgpmlkclr &c,e,*ngaiq sn rcllgq p_aicr9mnclq dgjk a_llgqrcp'* _q ucjj _qrfc rcknmp_jmpbcpgl ufgaf _argmlqlmpk_jjw maasp++c,e,*p_gqcqp_aicr* rmqqcq`_jj* `pgleq _pk mtcp&Qaf_li $ ?`cjqml* /7559Qafkgbr* /754',

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A PERSON PERCEPTION FRAMEWORK: SOME IMPLICATIONS AND SPECULATIONS

A Summa.ry and Some Implications of Goal-Selected Schematic Processing

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Rfcpc_pc_jqmqmkcglrcpcqrglerfcmpcrga_jgknjga_rgmlq_`msrrfc pmjcmdGNR _lb mrfcpamelgrgtcqrpsarspcqglncpqmlncpacnrgml,Dgpqr*gknpcqqgmlgldmpk_rgml gqnj_acbugrfgl rfc amlrcvrmdmrfcpu_wqmdm`qcptgle_lb npmacqqglencpqml gldmpk_rgml,Rfgqnpmtgbcq_ `_qgqdmpamlqgbcpglempe_lgxgleqrpsarspcqncpacgt+ cpqk_w sqcgl _bbgrgmlrmrp_grcpkq _lb GNR,Ctgbclac npcqclrcbfcpc &_qucjj _qmrfcppcqc_paf'qsnnmprqrfc _qqsknrgmlrf_r ncpacgtcpqbmclambc_lb npmacqq lmlrp_grnc8p8qmlgldmpk_rgml_lb k_w mpe_lgxcgrugrf qafck_r_ mrfcprf_l GNR &Amfcl*gl npcqq9Dgqic& Amv*/7579F_kgjrml cr _j,* /76.9 Hcddpcw& Kgqafcj* /757', Rfcpcdmpc*pcqc_pafctgbclac rf_r qs`hcarqpcjgcbsnml GNRqrpsarspcmp mpe_lgxcb`cf_tgmp_aampbglermrp_gra_rcempgcq&F_qrgc$ Isk_p* /757' qfmsjb `c amlbgrgml_jgxcb`w lmrgle rfc m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jrf_r rfmqcqs`hcarqf_b `ccl glqrpsarcbrm _bmnr&g,c,*rmdmpk_l gknpcqqgml',?l gknmpr_lrbgpcargmldmp dsrspcpcqc_pafumsjb `c rmgltcqrge_rc_ ugbcpt_pgcrwmdncpqmlgldmpk_rgml a_rcempgcq_lb mpe_lgx_rgml_jqrpsarspcqrf_r ncpacgtcpqsqc gl npmacqqglegldmp+ k_rgml_`msrmrfcpncmnjc,Glajsbglem`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_q_ d_armpk_w d_agjgr_rc rfgqclbc_tmp,

Qcamlb*kmqrnpctgmsqrpc_rkclrq bmlmr qncagdwufcpc gl rfc ncpqmlncpacn+ rgmlnpmacqqGNRf_q _l cddcar9rfmqcrf_r bmf_tc jma_jgxcbgrqcddcargl kckmpw &BÜ?lbp_bc*/7439Qfucbcp* /750* /755', Gl rfc asppclr_nnpm_af*ncpacgtcpqÜ qrmpcblmrgmlqmd`cf_tgmpam+maasppclac&g,c,*rfcgpGNRqafck_r_' _pc_qqskcb rmgldjsclac rfc npmacqqglemd`cf_tgmp_qgrsldmjbq,Rfgq_qqsknrgmljc_bqrmrfc fwnmrfcqgq*qsnnmprcbfcpc* rf_r gknpcqqgml+dmpkglem`qcptcpq_pckmpcfc_tgjwê gldjsclacb `w rfcgpGNRrf_l _pcm`qcptcpqugrf acpr_glmrfcpem_jq&c,e,*r_qi jc_plgle', Rmrfc _srfmpÜqilmujcbec* npctgmsqpcqc_pafgl GNRf_q lmr amlqgb+ cpcbrf_r ncpacgtcpqÜpcjg_lacml GNRk_w `c bcrcpkglcb` w rfcgpem_j,@ca_sqcmd rfc nmrclrg_jgknmpr_lacmdrfgq gknjga_rgml*dsprfcpgltcqrge_rgmlgqajc_pjw lccbcb, Dsrspcpcqc_pafqfmsjbamlqgbcplcu* nmrclrg_jjwkmpcqclqgrgtckcrfmbq dmp_qqcqqglerfc gldjsclac mdqafck_r_ &glajsbgleGNR'ml ncpacgtcpqÜnpmacqqgle md` cf_tgmp,

Future Directions in Observational Goals Research

? rclr_rgtc r_vmlmkwmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqu_q bcqapg`cbfcpc, Rfpcc `pm_b a_rcempgcqmdem_jqucpcbgqasqqcb&g,c,*gldmpk_rgmlqccigle mpjc_plgle* ncpqml+ _jgrw_l_jwqgq*_lb hsbekclr' _lb qmkckmpcqncagdgaglqr_lacqmdem_jqugrfgl rfcqc a_rcempgcqucpclmrcb,Dsprfcpgltcqrge_rgmlmdrfcqc em_jq*_r`mrf jctcjq md

eclcp_jgrw*k_w `c t_js_`jc, Rm` cegl* _l_jwqcqqgkgj_prmrfmqcncpdmpkcbfcpc dmpr_qi+jc_plgle_lb gknpcqqgml+dmpkgleem_jqamsjb` c ncpdmpkcbdmprfc mrfcp em_jqgbclrgdgcbfcpc, Rfmsef rfcqc _l_jwqcqbmlmr aj_gk rm` c bcdglgrgtc*rfc amlqgbcp_rgmldqmkcem_j+pcjct_lrqafck_r_qcckq_l gknmpr_lrcvcpagqc,Dgpqr* rfc bcqapgnrgmldem_j+pcjct_lra_rcempgcqmd`cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgmlnpmtgbcq_ `_qgqdmpqrsbwglerfc npmncprgcqmdqafck_rganpmacqqgle*_q gl rfc pcqc_paf bcqapg`cbfcpc, Gl _bbgrgml*uc k_w jc_pl kmpc_`msrrfc pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl em_jq_qqgelcbfcpc rmrfc q_kc fgefcp+jctcja_rcempw&c,e,*m`qcpt_rgml_jjc_pl+ gle _lb kckmpw _pc`mrf gldmpk_rgml+qcciglempjc_plgle em_jq',If rfcqc bg+ tgqgmlq_pc_nnpmnpg_rc*m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqugrfgl rfc q_kc a_rcempwqfmsjb` c kmpcqgkgj_prmmlc _lmrfcprf_l rmrfmqcgl bgddcpclra_rcempgcq,Gl d_ar*rfcpc gq _jpc_bwqmkcctgbclac rf_r gknpcqqgml+dmpkgleqs`hcarq_lb `cf_tgmp+npcbgargle qs`hcarqmpe_lgxc`cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgmlkmpcqgkgj_pjwrf_l cgrfcpepmsnbmcq ugrf qs`hcarqugrf _ kckmpwem_j&Hcddcpw$ Kgqafcj* /757',

? pck_glgle gqqscmdgknmpr_lacamlacplqrfc ncpacgtcpÜq_bmnrgmlmdm`qcp+ t_rgml_j em_jqgl pc_j+jgdcqgrs_rgmlq,If m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgldjsclac rfc ncp+ acgtcpÜq amlqrpsargml md_l _armp*rfcl l_rsp_jgqrgaem_j_bmnrgmlk_w `c _l gknmpr_lrcjckclr gl pc_j+jgdcncpqmlncpacnrgml,Glgrg_jjw*rum kcrfmbq dmpbc+ rcpkglgle rfc em_jqrf_r qs`hcarq_bmnrgl n_prgasj_pqgrs_rgmlqcck _nn_pclr, Dgpqr*rfc kcrfmb mdqcjd+pcnmprk_w `c sqcb9rf_r gq*qs`hcarqk_w qgknjw` c _qicb rmbcqapg`cufgaf em_jrfcw f_tc _bmnrcb,Mdamspqc*bcr_gjqmdrfc u_w gl ufgaf rfc oscqrgmlqfmsjb` c _qicb ugjj pcosgpcdsprfcpamlqgbcp_rgml,Qcamlb*gd clmsef mdrfc amlrclr _lb qrpsarspcmd_ n_prgasj_pem_jucpc ilmul* grkgefr `c nmqqg`jcrmgldcprf_r rf_r em_jf_b `ccl _bmnrcb`w kc_qspglerfc qrpsarspcgl rfc `cf_tgmp_jgldmpk_rgmlrf_r _ qs`hcarf_b cvrp_arcb,Rfgqqrp_rcewugjj* mdamspqc* pcosgpcrf_r npcagqckcrfmbqdmp_qqcqqgleqafck_rgaamlrclr _lb qrpsarspcdgpqr`c bctcjmncb,

? dgl_jgqqscqfmsjb` c lmrcbfcpc, Grgqnmqqg`jcrf_r ncpacgtcpqk_w maa_qgml+ _jjw_bmnrksjrgnjc em_jqqgksjr_lcmsqjw8If qm*uf_r iglb mdpcj_rgmlqfgncvgqrq `cruccl rfcqc em_jq=Dmpcv_knjc* bmcq,_ncpacgtcpufm gqjc_plgle _ r_qi qcamlb_pgjwmpglrcpkgrrclrjwnpmacqqgknpcqqgml+pcjct_lrgldmpk_rgmlncpf_nq ê`ca_sqcmdgrqeclcp_j sqcdsjlcqq=Rfc nmqqg`gjgrwmdksjrgnjc em_jqamknjga_rcq rfc rfcmpcrga_jbcqapgnrgmlddcpcbfcpc* `sr gr k_w npmtgbc_ kmpc _aasp_rc ngarspcmdpc_j+jgdcnpmacqqgle,Dsprfcppcqc_pafgqlccbcb rmaj_pgdwrfgqgqqsc,

OBSERVATIONAL GOALS, SOCIAL INTERACTION AND PERSONALITY

Rfc dmasqmdrfgqaf_nrcpgqrmbgqasqqrfc pmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl ncpqml ncpacnrgml_lb rmbcqapg`c_ dp_kcumpi*qsnnmprcb`w qmkcckngpga_jctgbclac* rmdmpk_jgxcrfgqpmjc,Qmd_prfc bgqasqqgmlf_q dmasqcbml ncpqmlncpacnrgml qgrs_rgmlqgl ufgaf mlc ncpqml&rfcncpacgtcp' npmacqqcq _lmrfcpncpqmlÜq&rfc _armpÜq'`cf_tgmp,Grumsjb `c glrcpcqrglerm` pm_bclrfc dmasq_lb amlqgbcprfc

pmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl qgrs_rgmlqufcpc rfc ncpacgtcp_jqmglrcp_arqugrf rfc _armp,? qcamlb_pc_dmpqncasj_rgmlamlacplqrfc pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl m`qcp+ t_rgml_jem_jq_lb ncpqml_jgrw,Egtcl rfc ctgbclac rf_r m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgldjs+ clac ncpacgtcpqÜnpmacqqglemdrfcgp qmag_jcltgpmlkclr* amlqgqrclrglbgtgbs_j bgddcpclacqgl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgmlkgefr `c _l gknmpr_lru_w gl ufgaf glbgtgbs_jqbgddcp,Rfc nmqqg`jcpmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl `mrf qmag_jglrcp_a+ rgml_lb ncpqml_jgrwgqlmu `pgcdjwamlqgbcpcb,?jrfmsef _ kmpc npmep_kk_rga amlqgbcp_rgml`cjmleq gl rfc bmk_gl mddsrspcumpi* grk_w `c sqcdsjrmcvrclb mspnpcqclr bgqasqqgmlrmglajsbc rfcqc nmrclrg_jjwgknmpr_lrgqqscq,

Observational Goals and Social Interaction

Rfc cddcarqmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqsnml qmag_jglrcp_argmlk_w `c pc_jgxcbgl _r jc_qr rum bgddcpclru_wq, Dgpqr*rfc m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j mdrfc ncpacgtcpk_w bgpcarjwgldjsclac glrcp_argmlugrf rfc _armp9rf_r gq*rfc m`qcptcpk_w `cf_tc gl mpbcprmnpmkmrcrfc _t_gj_`gjgrwmdgldmpk_rgmlrf_r gqpcjct_lr rmrfc em_j,?l m`tgmsqcv_knjc mdrfgqgq_ ncpqmllcjk_l_ecp ufm gqglrcptgcugle _ npmqncargtc cknjmwcc, Npcqsk_`jw rfc m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jugjj `c rmdmpk_ hsbekclr mdrfc

ê_armp9_lb* _ qigjjcb k_l_ecp ugjj bgpcarfc amspqcmdglrcp_argml&c8e,*rfpmsef oscqrgmlgle_lb pc_argle'qmrf_r _bcos_rcgldmpk_rgmldmpk_igle _hsbekclr gq m`r_glcb, ? jcqq dmpk_jcv_knjc kgefr `c rf_r md_l m`qcptcpufmqc em_jgq ncpqml_jgrw_l_jwqgq_lb ufm bgpcarqglrcp_argmlugrf _l _armprmu_pbdglbgle msr ufw rfc _armpbpmnncbmsrmdj_u qafmmj,Rfgq pcj_rgtcjwbgpcarjgli `cruccl qmag_jncpacnrgml_lb qmag_jglrcp_argmlf_q `ccl lmrcb _q ucjj `w Hmlcq_lb Rfg`_sr &/736',

? jcqq bgpcarjgli `cruccl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_lb qmag_jglrcp_argmlgqck+ `mbgcbgl rfc _qqsknrgmlrf_r _l m`qcptcpÜqncpacnrgmlmd_l _armpugjj gldjsclac mpnmqqg`jwkcbg_rc rfc qs`qcosclr `cf_tgmp mdrfc m`qcptcp,Md amspqc*rfgq _qqsknrgmlgqugbcjw qf_pcb `w mrfcprfcmpgqrqufm _pcamlacplcb ugrf qmag_j ncpacnrgml_lb qmag_j`cf_tgmp &Fcgbcp*/7369 Kgqafcj* /7469 _lb kmqr mdrfc amlrpg`srmpqrmrfgq tmjskc', Ckngpga_jctgbclac gl qsnnmprmdrfgq _qqsknrgml f_q `ccl _t_gj_`jc dmpqmkcrgkc &Icjjcw* /73.9 R_wjmp$ Cnqrcgl* /745' _lb f_q epmul pcaclrjw &Qlwbcp& Qu_ll* /7569 Qlwbcp*R_lic* & @cpqafcgb*/755', Rfc qncagdgakcaf_lgqkq k_w lmr `c ucjj slbcpqrmmb*`sr grgqf_pb rmgk_eglc _ qwqrckufcpc `cf_tgmp* _lb fclac rfc amspqcmdqmag_jglrcp_argml*gqlmr gldjs+ clacb* _r jc_qr rm qmkc bcepcc*` w _l m`qcptcpÜqncpacnrgmlmd_l _armp,&Qcc R_wjmp$ Apmaicp*gl npcqq*dmp_ bgqasqqgmldrfc pmjcmdqafck_r_ gl d_agjgr_rgle qmag_j_argml,' Rm rfc cvrclr rf_r m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqkcbg_rc _l m`qcptcpÜq ncpacnrgmlqrfcw qfmsjb qgkgj_pjwnj_w_ pmjcgl rfc amspqcmdqmag_jglrcp_argml,

Observational Goals and Personality

Rfc amlacnrs_j pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_lb ncpqml_jgrw*asp+ pclrjw osgrc qncasj_rgtc*gqglrcpcqrglermamlqgbcp,Grgqc_qwrm gk_eglc rf_r ncpacgtcpqugjj _bmnr_ t_pgcrwmdbgddcpclrem_jqgl pcqnmlqcrmqgrs_rgml_jbc+

k_lbq &c,e,*rfc ncpqmllcj k_l_ecp ufmqchm`gqrmk_ic hsbekclrq', If, fmu+ ctcp*ncpacgtcpqamlqgqrclrjw_bmnrmlcmpkmpcrwncqmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq*rfcl rfcgpglrcpnpcr_rgmlqmdmrfcpncmnjc_lb qgrs_rgmlq*_lb nmqqg`jwrfcgpqs`qcosclr `cf_tgmp*qfmsjb `c amlqgqrclrjwgldjsclacb,

Qctcp_jgqqscqckcpec fcpc, Mlc gqqscgqufcrfcp m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgml ugjj npmtcrm` c _ amlqgqrclrglbgtgbs_jbgddcpclac,Ctgbclac qseecqrqrf_r apmqq+ qgrs_rgml_j`cf_tgmp_j,amlqgqrclaw`_qcb ml rp_graf_p_arcpgqrgaqg lmr epc_r, Fmuctcp* m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgmld_jjqglrmrfc a_rcempwmdamelgrgtcqrwjc bgddcpclacq*rfc _pc_dmpufgaf rfc qrpmlecqramlqgqrclawf_q `ccl bckmlqrp_rcb &Kgqafcj*/746', Rfgqgqlmr gl grqcjdctgbclac mdqr_`gjgrw*`sr grbmcqqseecqrf_r m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgml_q_l glbgtgbs_jbgddcpclack_w `c umprfnspqsgle,

Qcamlb*rfgq _nnpm_afgqamlqgqrclrugrf npctgmsqumpi lmrgle rf_r bgddcpclr ncpacgtcpqapc_rc_jrcpl_rgtcamlqrpsargmlqmdrfc qmag_jumpjb&Icjjw* /7369Kgq+ afcj* /746', Grumsjb `c npck_rspcrmqseecqrfmu m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgml k_w pcj_rcrmmrfcpglbgtgbs_jbgddcpclacq&c,e,*amelgrgtcamknjcvgrw*Apmaicrr* /743' ctcl rfmsef qmkcamlacnrs_jpcj_rgmlqfgnqcck jgicjw, Rfmsef dmjjmugle gl rfc amlacnrs_jrp_bgrgmlmdnpctgmsqrpc_rkclrq* rfgq asppclr_nnpm_afbgddcpq `w glampnmp_rgleasppclramlqrpsarq_lb kcrfmbq dpmkamelgrgtcnqwafmjmew,

? dgl_jnmglramlacplqrfc pcj_rgmlqfgn`cruccl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_lb mrfcp pcaclr _nnpm_afcqrmglbgtgbs_jbgddcpclacqrf_r cknjmw_ qafck_jgic amlqrpsar, Rfcpcf_q `ccl amlqgbcp_`jcpcaclrglrcpcqrgl qcjd+qafck_r__lb fmu qcjd+qafck_ amlrclr pcj_rcqrmgldmpk_rgmlnpmacqqgle&K_pisq* /7559 Pmecpq*Isgncp* $ Igpicp* /755', Gl rfc asppclr_nnpm_af*rfc cknf_qgq gqjcqqml bgddcpclacqgl qafck_rga amlrclr _lb kmpc ml _jrcpl_rgtc qrpsarspcqrf_r ncpacgtcpqsqc dmp glrcpnpcrglencpqmlgldmpk_rgml*_jrfmsef amlrclr bgddcpclacq_pcgknjgcbfcpc _q ucgj,

Qmkctcpw rclr_rgtc qsnnmprdmpglbgtgbs_jbgddcpclacqgl em_j_bmnrgmlk_w `c amlqgbcpcbfcpc, Glrsgrgtcjw*ncpacgtcpqgl qgkgj_pqgrs_rgmlqbmqcck rm_bmnr af_p_arcpgqrga_jjwbgddcpclrm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq,Uc _jj ilmu mdqmkcmlcufm qcckq rmckn_rfgxc ugrf _ ugbc p_lec mdncmnjc*lm k_rrcp uf_r rfc qgrs_rgml9 uc k_w ilmu qmkcmlc cjqc ufm _nnc_pqrmsqc mrfcpncmnjc_q qmspacqdmp gldmpk_rgmle_rfcpgle,Mp*amlqgbcprfc tcpw_afgctckclr+mpgclrcbq_jcqk_l ufmqc amlqgqrclrem_jgqrmhsbecmrfcpqÜq_jcqk_lqfgn _`gjgrw*_lb ufm amlqrpsarq_ qmag_jcltgpmlkclr dgjjcbugrf gldmpk_rgml_`msrmrfcpqÜqrpclerfq_lb uc_ilcq+ qcqgl rf_r bmk_gl, Qmkc glgrg_jckngpga_jctgbclac cvgqrqdmpglbgtgbs_jbgd+ dcpclacqgl em_j_bmnrgmlugrfgl rfc a_rcempwmdgldmpk_rgmlqccigle mpjc_plgle &Kgqafcj* /754', Dmpcv_knjc* Ecjd_lb &/740' dmslb rf_r glbgtgbs_jqugrf _ fgqrmpwmdnslgqfkclr dmpglbcnclbclac _pcpcj_rgtcjwkmpcjgicjw rmgkgr_rcrfc `cf_tgmpmdmrfcpncmnjc,If qmkcbcepccmdqr_`jc bgddcpclacq`cruccl ncmnjcgq dmslb*rfcl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_j_bmnrgmlk_w `c _ dpsgrdsjglbgtgbs_jbgddcpclacrm nspqsc,Grnpmtgbcq_ kcaf_lgqk rfpmsefufgaf _ ncpacgtcpÜqamelgrgtcqrpsarspcq ugjj gldjsclac fgq npmacqqglemdqmag_jgldmpk_rgml_lb _qqskcq]_ jgli `cruccl rfgq gldmpk_rgmlnpmacqqgle_lb qs`qcosclr qmag_j`cf_tgmp,

SUMMARY

Gl rfgq af_nrcp rfc amlqrpsarmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqu_q glrpmbsacb*_lb grq nmqqg`jcpmjcgl ncpqmlncpacnrgmlu_q cvnjmpcb,Gl rfc dgpqrqcargml_ rclr_rgtc r_vmlmkwmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqu_qbcqapg`cb*_lb rfc pmjcmd_ncpacgtcpÜqem_j gl cvrp_arglegldmpk_rgmldpmkrfc qrpc_kmd_l _armpÜq`cf_tgmpamlqgbcpcb,Gl rfc lcvr qcargml*_l gldmpk_rgml+npmacqqgledp_kcumpidmpncpqmlncpacnrgmlu_q npcqclrcb*glampnmp_rglem`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq_q _ t_pg_`jc _lb glajsbgle rfc amlqrpsar qafck_ _q_ fwnmrfcrga_jqrpsarspcsqcbgl npmacqqgle,Gl rfc lcvr rumqcargmlqpcqc_pafbcqgelcbrmrcqrqmkc`_qga_qqsknrgmlqmdrfc dp_kcumpi u_q bcqapg`cb,Pcqsjrqdpmkrfcqc qrsbgcqsnnmprrfc pmjcmdm`qcpt_rgml_jem_jq gl clambgle*glrcpnpcrgle_lb qrmpgle*_lb pcrpgctgledpmkkckmpwgldmpk_rgml _`msr _l _armpÜq`cf_tgmp, Gl rfc dgdrfqcargml*qctcp_j gknjga_rgmlqmdrfgq dp_kcumpidmpncpqmlncpacnrgmlucpc bgqasqqcb*_lb dsrspcbgpcargmlqdmp c+ qc_pafgl m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqucpc amlqgbcpcb,Dgl_jjw*qmkcqncasj_rgmlq_`msr m`qcpt_rgml_jem_jqgl qmag_jglrcp_argml_lb ncpqml_jgrwucpc npcqclrcb,

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES