ABSTRACT
Unfortunately, there has been limited empirical research exploring the commonness of tradeoffs, which types of trade-offs are most problematic for conservation projects, how projects can
be designed and implemented to reduce the extent or severity of trade-offs, and when and why some projects are able to produce desired synergies and avoid certain kinds of trade-offs. Ultimately, answering these questions about trade-offs and synergies will require systematic data collection for multiple outcomes. Currently, the conservation community does not have sufficient data, collected in a sufficiently rigorous fashion (e.g. Brooks et al. 2013, Ferraro and Hannauer 2014, Baylis et al., 2015) to draw conclusions about when synergies are likely or what kinds of conservation approaches are best suited for particular social, ecological, economic, and political contexts.
