ABSTRACT
The terms 'instructor' and 'teacher' are frequently used interchangeably, and it is probably reasonable to say that the most characteristic technique and image of teaching is instruction. Yet if the arguments of the previous chapter are broadly acceptable, instruction and teaching are not to be identified. For one thing, instruction is only one teaching technique. Besides instruction, a person may teach by means of gesture, demonstration, showing slides, hints, discussion, encouraging self-help, puzzles, taking people on excursions, and so on. More importantly, while teaching actually results in learning, instruction may not necessarily do so. Instruction is at best a technique whereby learning may be broug~t about. Someone who is trying unsuccessfully to instruct others is not someone who is failing to bring about learning so much as someone whose efforts fail to express the criteria for instructing - e.g. because continually interrupted or shouted down.
