ABSTRACT
HIV infection is a significant and growing problem among persons with chronic mental illness and substance abuse disorders. Few patients present a greater challenge to the knowledge, skills, and professional commitment of the clinician. From initial assessment to closure of treatment, crucial questions and issues emerge where little, if any, empirical data exist. Differential diagnosis and treatment planning require expertise in medical disorders, psychopathology, psychopharmacology, and psychosocial treatments. Yet, with careful diagnostic and treatment practices, working with these individuals can be remarkably rewarding. This chapter will first present basic information about HIV that is essential for any mental health or substance abuse provider. It then covers the scope of the HIV problem in persons with chronic mental illness and substance abuse disorders and discusses specific prevention and treatment considerations for dually diagnosed persons.
