ABSTRACT
Triple-bottom-line economic development focuses on the integrated challenge of creating jobs and economic prosperity, reducing disparities between groups and regions, and minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The prospects for strategies centered upon business attraction, business retention, business expansion, and entrepreneurship to create green jobs is evaluated and compared between Canada and the United States. Structural shifts in the economy (e.g., from manufacturing to the service sector and further to the quaternary sector) are reviewed, and the possibility for the next structural shift to be towards a sustainability sector is examined. The implications of this shift for triple-bottom-line economic development are discussed, as are the challenges of creating policies to support this transition. Case studies are used to illustrate the practice of triple-bottom-line economic development. Progress towards triple-bottom-line economic development is measured by the green jobs location quotient, a shift share analysis, and a Carvalho Classification analysis of the United States green economy.
