ABSTRACT
In this chapter it is asked whether speculation can be considered to be a worthwhile method for sociology or social theory. In order to respond to this question, the chapter starts by contrasting imagination and speculation. Then A. N. Whitehead’s thoughts on speculative philosophy and ‘imaginative generalization’ is analysed, as set out in Process and Reality, where he outlines how neither of these can be taken as emanating solely from the human mind; in both instances the process of the world itself must also be involved. This is followed by a comparison of Whitehead’s work with that of Isabelle Stengers on the constraints and risks which are implicit in any ‘successful’ speculation. This also involves a discussion of the importance of the concept of a ‘world in the making’. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the work of Haraway on ‘situated knowledge’ and her concept of the cyborg. It is suggested that these are both examples of strong and successful speculation. Overall, it is argued that speculation can be a worthwhile approach within sociology and social theory but that it is not strictly a method. Genuine speculation only works if it adheres to specific requirements; ones which involve both risk and a positioning of the researcher as part of a world in the making.
