ABSTRACT
This chapter talks about three different approaches to safety management: the person model directed at reducing personal injury events; the engineering model focusing on the human-machine interface and system reliability; and the organizational model that deals with the integrity of defenses and the broader systemic factors. The person model is exemplified by the traditional occupational safety approach. The main emphases are upon individual unsafe acts and personal injury accidents. Hazardous technology there is potentially four primary risk areas. They are Personal injury or damage risks, Risks due to errors committed by key front-line controllers, Risks due to the insidious accumulation of latent conditions within the maintenance, managerial and organizational spheres and Risks to third parties. Effective risk management requires the application of different countermeasures targeted at different levels of the system at the same time and all the time.
