ABSTRACT

This chapter explores revolutionary flows by analyzing Malcolm X and Jomo Kenyatta's Pan-Africanism from 1960 to 1965, emphasizing how their movements changed from the local, national, and global consciousness and were reinterpreted over time. It shows that the willing or unwilling association with the Mau Mau movement shaped the leadership and the characterization of the two leaders. The chapter argues that Malcolm X and Jomo Kenyatta's Pan-African ideologies and interactions continue to occupy the world stage based on revolutionary exchanges of the 1960s, reminding us of the deep roots and entanglements of African unity and freedom. It aims to start the dialogue of what happens when revolutionary leaders with different backgrounds, who reside on different continents, and live under different oppressed conditions lock heads, compare situations, and interrogate justice and freedom of Africans and African descendants worldwide. The memories, legacies, and associated X and Kenyatta narratives are shaped largely by the political moment, the judging constituents, and the geographical location.