ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the lecturing and organizing workshops in the capitals of former Warsaw Pact countries on civilian control of the military. It considers vital that this lesson should be learnt since the principle of the subordination of the military to the civilian political authority was regarded as fundamental to the establishment of democracy in those states. The chapter examines the learning in countries emerging from the Arab Spring. In Pakistan the military and civilian authorities are engaged in their perennial struggle for power. A right of selective conscientious objection would enable citizens in a state where there is conscription to decline military service not just because of a general conscientious objection to war. We need to improve the way we select, teach and train not only our political leaders and their senior civilian and military advisers but also our military at all levels to ensure that all those involved with war behave justly.
