ABSTRACT
The specific nature of particular places has a large impact on creativity in many different ways. Sometimes places are important for creativity because of their physical beauty, or the way they stimulate memories. The development of managerial techniques was at the very genesis of this separation and the consequent de-skilling of work. The apogee of this was the development by F. W. Taylor in the first few decades of the 20th Century of Scientific Management, a set of managerial principles and techniques which were to become central to the industrial system. Orthodox workplace organizations tend to be large, or at least work towards becoming large, and still tend to operate with clearly defined boundaries between the 'inside' and 'outside'. Cosmopolitan urban centres have always been key stimuli for creativity. Biographers of the city like Ackroyd, along with psycho-geographers such as Ian Sinclair, have given us various views of the hidden aspects of the city.
