ABSTRACT
In the western industrialized world, philanthropy is a component of the welfare provision. N. Luhmann analyses societies as social systems, which become more complex through development, which can lead to differentiation. The archasche Gesellschaft involves few roles and faces considerable threat from the external environment. The general conditions of organizability and programmability, and all the other factors associated with organizations and programmes, act as selective factors, the amplified effect of which also helps to produce selective unawareness. In his classic work, Society and social policy, Mishra discusses, analyses and evaluates a number of theories concerning the relationship between society and social policy. The interaction of industrialism, capitalism and labour movement, has made a degree of state intervention almost inevitable. The welfare state is the result of the intervention of the political system into societal and economic relationships by means of the democratic parliamentary system.
