ABSTRACT
From 1643 until the end of 1648, the Independents increased pressure on the covenanted interest within the three kingdoms. David Buchanan was in no doubt where the problems had emerged within the Anglo-Scottish relationship, disrupting the workings of providence. Unfortunately, Robert Baillie's fears that the English Parliament would modify and overrule their hard work to accommodate liberty of conscience became justified. Therefore, the creation of an Anglo-Scottish liturgy was only a partial success. In essence, the Anglo-Scottish liturgy was created in response to the Independents moves for liberty of conscience. Another way in which the 'covenanted interest' used the printing press for its defence was the publication of public debates between themselves and Independents to influence public opinion. Presbyterian hopes may have felt the pressure from the Independents through the printing press, but they continued to gather support and erect a church structure which had been outlined in parliamentary legislation.
