ABSTRACT
There are a number of approaches to the definition of the term 'policy' and to describing systematically what is involved in the policy process. In an 'analysis for policy making', data are marshalled in order to assist policy makers to make decisions. The data may derive from reviews carried out as part of a regular monitoring process by government, or it may be provided by academic policy analysts applying their knowledge to practical problems. Substantive policies are concerned with 'the nature and substance of educational provision and include any policy that directly embodies an educational aim, purpose or rationale'. Distributive policies are 'those in which resources are allocated to assist particular groups, and where those seeking benefits are not in direct competition with one another'. New actors and new procedures for policy making have emerged and have a strong effect on today's education systems.
