ABSTRACT
The industrial ecology object of study is the economy, or even broader, society, in terms of the flows and stocks of materials and energy. Industrial ecology methods allow for analyzing resource nexus issues in physical terms. The analysis offers openings for mitigation in a technical sense. Industrial ecology methods however should be included in all attempts to investigate resource nexus issues. Industrial ecology is an essential research field for analyzing the resource nexus. Exploration of the future by scenario analysis is an emerging activity, and a promising new direction for development of industrial ecology methods that is also relevant for resource nexus issues. Commodities are also a good starting point for a bottom-up analysis at larger scale levels. The larger scale is essential to assess whether the physical linkages between resources actually are problematic in some way, and to assess policy measures on the potential effectiveness as well as side-effects.
