ABSTRACT
The direction of the evolution of tall building structural systems, based on new structural concepts with newly adopted high-strength materials and construction methods, has been towards augmented efficiency. Consequently, tall building structural systems have become much lighter than earlier ones. Seismic loads are another important lateral load to be considered for the structural design of any building. The reason why wind loads instead of seismic loads typically govern the structural design of tall buildings is related to the fundamental vibration periods of buildings, forcing periods depending on different loading types, and the impact of the resonance condition based on these two factors. The passive damping system can be further divided into two sub-categories: energy-dissipating-material-based damping systems such as viscous dampers and viscoelastic dampers, and auxiliary mass systems to generate counteracting inertia forces such as tuned mass dampers and tuned liquid dampers.
