ABSTRACT
One of the most famous works of Michel Foucault describes the genesis of the modern prison system. The model for the new imprisonment was provided by Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon. Bentham imagined equipping the new construction with listening tubes running from each cell to the guard, who could thus also continually listen to all the inmates. The founder of eugenetics was convinced that the construction of a better human being could be achieved by cross-breeding positive genetic traits. Social Darwinism was transformed into eugenetics, and this infiltrated politics. With the multiplication of international trade, social Darwinism took the economic form of the free market: the stronger, in commercial terms, were free to annihilate the weaker. Until about 1880, cultural movements were predominant in European nationalisms. From the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, the conviction of the superiority of the people known as Aryans, Europeans or Caucasians was at its zenith.
